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	<title>operational amplifier &#8211; Mastering Electronics Design</title>
	<atom:link href="https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/tag/operational-amplifier/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com</link>
	<description>Electronics Design and Modeling with Emphasis on Analog Design</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 28 Mar 2025 17:33:13 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Why is the Op Amp Gain-Bandwidth Product Constant?</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/why-is-the-op-amp-gain-bandwidth-product-constant/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/why-is-the-op-amp-gain-bandwidth-product-constant/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jun 2016 21:22:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Operational Amplifier Formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gain-bandwidth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp (opamp) formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/?p=2372</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[A recurring conversation I have usually starts with two questions: Why is the op amp gain-bandwidth product constant? And, how can we prove that? The questions refer to the gain-bandwidth product behavior of an op amp after the cutoff frequency.]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/why-is-the-op-amp-gain-bandwidth-product-constant/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Open-loop, Closed-loop and Feedback Questions and Answers</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/open-loop-closed-loop-and-feedback-questions-and-answers/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/open-loop-closed-loop-and-feedback-questions-and-answers/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Dec 2012 05:32:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bandwidth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[closed-loop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feedback]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[non-inverting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open-loop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/?p=2114</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[One of my readers posted the following questions in the comment section of MasteringElectronicsDesign.com: An Op Amp Gain Bandwidth Product. I am doing a work on fully differential Negative feedback op-amp with capacitive divider configuration. I have some questions and confusions, can you please clarify? What is the difference between closed loop gain and open ... <a title="Open-loop, Closed-loop and Feedback Questions and Answers" class="read-more" href="https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/open-loop-closed-loop-and-feedback-questions-and-answers/" aria-label="Read more about Open-loop, Closed-loop and Feedback Questions and Answers">Read more</a>]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/open-loop-closed-loop-and-feedback-questions-and-answers/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>26</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Measure a Bipolar Signal with an Arduino Board</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/measure-a-bipolar-signal-with-an-arduino-board/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/measure-a-bipolar-signal-with-an-arduino-board/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Aug 2011 00:28:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electronic Circuits Examples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mixed-Signal Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Summing Amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ADC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[analog to digital converters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arduino]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LSB]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[summing amplifier formula]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://MasteringElectronicsDesign.com/?p=1861</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Arduino is a popular family of open source microcontroller boards.  Hobbyists, students and engineers all over the world use this platform to quickly design and prototype a microcontroller driven circuit.  One of its interfaces with the analog world is the ADC.  Since these boards are mostly designed around an ATMEL ATmega32 or ATmega168 microcontroller, the ADC has 8 inputs and 10-bit resolution, making it suitable for many applications. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/measure-a-bipolar-signal-with-an-arduino-board/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>19</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Apply Thevenin&#8217;s Theorem to Solve a Negative Resistance Circuit, or Current Source</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/apply-thevenins-theorem-to-solve-a-negative-resistance-circuit/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/apply-thevenins-theorem-to-solve-a-negative-resistance-circuit/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:48:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electronic Circuits Examples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Operational Amplifier Formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Thevenin's Theorem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[current source]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[negative resistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp (opamp) formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://MasteringElectronicsDesign.com/?p=1773</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The circuit in Figure 1 is a good example of applying Thevenin’s Theorem to solve a circuit with dependent supplies.  It is a negative resistance circuit and it was posted in this forum with a call for solution verification for IL as a function of Vin.  Since this fits very well with my plans to write more about Thevenin’s Theorem, I decided to post the solution here. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/apply-thevenins-theorem-to-solve-a-negative-resistance-circuit/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>5</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Build an Op Amp SPICE Model from Its Datasheet &#8211; Part 3</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/build-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet-part-3/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/build-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet-part-3/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Dec 2010 06:23:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavioral model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[macro model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPICE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCCS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCVS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://MasteringElectronicsDesign.com/?p=1723</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In Part 2, we left off at the open-loop bode plot. We saw that it resembles the datasheet. However, our op amp example, ADA4004 from Analog Devices, shows an extra pole after 1 MHz. Indeed, the phase starts dropping after 1 MHz and becomes 45 degrees at 17 MHz. Therefore, we need another pole in our model at 17 MHz. ]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/build-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet-part-3/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Build an Op Amp SPICE Model from Its Datasheet &#8211; Part 2</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/build-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet-part-2/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/build-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet-part-2/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Nov 2010 22:52:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavioral model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[macro model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPICE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Summing Amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCCS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCVS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://MasteringElectronicsDesign.com/?p=1676</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Part 1 of this article shows how to create a behavioral model of an operational amplifier based on the following parameters found in the datasheet: Input and output resistance, input capacitance, DC gain, and offset voltage.  As an example I chose Analog Devices’ ADA4004.  Let’s continue building this model to simulate the Gain Bandwidth Product.]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/build-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet-part-2/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>13</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>An Op Amp Gain Bandwidth Product</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/an-op-amp-gain-bandwidth-product/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/an-op-amp-gain-bandwidth-product/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Oct 2010 00:14:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Operational Amplifier Formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bandwidth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inverting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp (opamp) formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/?p=1622</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[I can see some chat on internet about the operational amplifier gain bandwidth product.  People are interested in having a better understanding of this parameter, as it appears in any op amp datasheet and it is used in many articles and books.  In this article I will describe this parameter and show you an example with Analog devices’ ADA4004, which is a precision amplifier.]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>58</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Build an Op Amp SPICE Model from Its Datasheet &#8211; Part 1</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/buildi-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/buildi-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Oct 2010 21:28:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavioral model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[macro model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPICE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Summing Amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCCS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCVS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/?p=1599</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why do you need to build your own Op Amp model?  Most Op Amp manufacturers have SPICE models for their components and make them available for free.  Then why should you know how to build one?  Well, not everything has a model and that is why, sometimes, you have to build your own.  Also, it may be necessary to study a circuit to see what happens if you change the Op Amp slew rate or bandwidth, offset, and so on.  Sometimes the manufacturer own model does not work, as a user found out and posted a question in this <a title="edaboard.com" href="http://www.edaboard.com/thread178607.html#post749353">forum</a>.  I told him that the model does not work and advised him to build his own. ...]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/buildi-an-op-amp-spice-model-from-its-datasheet/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>14</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>An Ideal Operational Amplifier Simulation Model</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/an-ideal-operational-amplifier-simulation-model/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/an-ideal-operational-amplifier-simulation-model/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2010 05:58:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[non-inverting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPICE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VCVS]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/?p=1579</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[You worked hard on your schematic, you calculated everything, you feel confident that it will work.  To be sure though, before committing the schematic to copper, you want to simulate it.  You develop a SPICE simulation schematic and, surprise, things don’t work.  What’s going on?]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Using the Summing Amplifier as an Average Amplifier</title>
		<link>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/using-the-summing-amplifier-as-an-average-amplifier/</link>
					<comments>https://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/using-the-summing-amplifier-as-an-average-amplifier/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Adrian S. Nastase]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Jul 2010 00:28:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Analog Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electronic Circuits Examples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Summing Amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Waveforms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[op amp (opamp) formulas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[operational amplifier]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[summing amplifier examples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[summing amplifier formula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waveform]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://masteringelectronicsdesign.com/?p=1539</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The summing amplifier can output the average of two, three or more signals. This is different than a signal average. The summing amplifier cannot, for example, output the average of a triangle signal. For that, you need an integrator to perform the average in the analog realm, or you need to sample the signal and calculate the average with a microcontroller. This type of average is the signal average in the time domain. I will write an article about the average of a signal in a near future.]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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