Articles for the ‘Electronic Circuits Examples’ Category

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How to Design a Circuit from its Transfer Function Graph

Sunday, February 21st, 2010

Summary:

Sometimes all we know about a circuit is its transfer function graph. The transfer function might look like the one in Figure 1. How can we design a circuit so that its input-output behavior will match the graph?

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Categories: Analog Design, Differential Amplifier, Electronic Circuits Examples

Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter with a 3-input Summing Amplifier

Sunday, January 31st, 2010

Summary:

Since the publication of Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter to Drive an ADC, several readers contacted me with requests to help in solving their particular converter. The common problem they had was the fact that the components’ calculation resulted in a negative value for at least one resistor.

To provide a solution, first we need to understand the root cause of the problem. Let’s take one of the circuits I received and analyze it.

The reader wrote that he would like to drive an ADC with the input range of 0 to 2.5V from a signal with the range of –5V to +5V, connected at V1.

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Categories: Analog Design, Electronic Circuits Examples, Summing amplifier

Bipolar to Unipolar Converters Based on a Summing Amplifier Configuration

Monday, December 28th, 2009

Summary:

In a previous article I presented a method for designing a bipolar to unipolar converter using a summing amplifier. In this article I am going to show more examples of bipolar to unipolar converters which are based on a summing amplifier configuration. You can adapt them to your needs if you use the method I described in the previous article.

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Categories: Analog Design, Electronic Circuits Examples, Summing amplifier

Design a Differential Amplifier the Easy Way with Mathcad

Thursday, November 19th, 2009

Summary:

For those of you who have Mathcad, designing a differential amplifier is really easy.

Let’s say you need to design a unipolar to bipolar converter and you decide to use a differential amplifier for this task. You know the input and output voltage range and you need to calculate the resistors based on a voltage reference you have in the system. All you have to do is to create a Mathcad file for a quick response. Then store it some place for future designs.

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Categories: Analog Design, Differential Amplifier, Electronic Circuits Examples

Design a Unipolar to Bipolar Converter for a Unipolar Voltage Output DAC

Monday, November 2nd, 2009

Summary:

Unipolar to bipolar converters are useful when we have to have a unipolar component to do a certain job in a mixed signal design environment. For example, Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) may have the output voltage range 0 to 2.5 V, or 0 to 5 V, while the design asks for a range of –5 V to +5 V. To comply with this requirement, we have to design a unipolar to bipolar converter which will be inserted between the DAC output and the following bipolar stage.

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Categories: Analog Design, Differential Amplifier, Electronic Circuits Examples, Mixed-Signal Design

Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter to Drive an ADC

Monday, October 26th, 2009

Summary:

Most ADCs have a unipolar input range that can be a problem when designing bipolar circuits. Some common ADC input voltage ranges are 0 to 2.5 V, or 0 to 5 V. However, the analog circuit that drives the ADC can have voltage swings of, –1 V to +1 V, –2 V to +2 V , –5 V to +5 V, and so on. Bringing the ADC input below ground is a big No-No, because the current from input will flow through the chip substrate creating irreversible changes in the ADC and damage it. So, how do we connect a bipolar front end circuit with a unipolar ADC? Enters the bipolar to unipolar converter. Let’s design one.

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Categories: Analog Design, Electronic Circuits Examples, Mixed-Signal Design, Summing amplifier

Differential Output Circuit

Sunday, August 30th, 2009

Summary:

What is this circuit good for? It creates a single-ended-input-differential-output amplifier, in which VCM is the common mode and the main signal, in this case the average (VA+VB)/2 rides on top of VCM. It is very useful for fully differential circuits in low noise applications, because differential amplifiers help reduce the common mode noise. VCM in this case, sets the common mode to a useful level as required by the design.

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Categories: Analog Design, Differential Amplifier, Electronic Circuits Examples, Summing amplifier

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