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Measure a Bipolar Signal with an Arduino Board
Sunday, August 14th, 2011Summary:
Arduino is a popular family of open source microcontroller boards. Hobbyists, students and engineers all over the world use this platform to quickly design and prototype a microcontroller driven circuit. One of its interfaces with the analog world is the ADC. Since these boards are mostly designed around an ATMEL ATmega32 or ATmega168 microcontroller, the ADC has 8 inputs and 10-bit resolution, making it suitable for many applications.
Using the Summing Amplifier as an Average Amplifier
Sunday, July 4th, 2010Summary:
The summing amplifier can output the average of two, three or more signals. This is different than a signal average. The summing amplifier cannot, for example, output the average of a triangle signal. For that, you need an integrator to perform the average in the analog realm, or you need to sample the signal and calculate the average with a microcontroller. This type of average is the signal average in the time domain. I will write an article about the average of a signal in a near future.
A Summing and Differential Amplifier with One Op Amp
Sunday, April 18th, 2010Summary:
In a comment, one of my readers asked me what is the transfer function of the non-inverting summing amplifier in Figure 1, when R3 is connected to a reference voltage instead of ground. Well, this is a summing amplifier with a differential configuration.
Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter with a 3-input Summing Amplifier
Sunday, January 31st, 2010Summary:
Since the publication of Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter to Drive an ADC, several readers contacted me with requests to help in solving their particular converter. The common problem they had was the fact that the components’ calculation resulted in a negative value for at least one resistor.
To provide a solution, first we need to understand the root cause of the problem. Let’s take one of the circuits I received and analyze it.
The reader wrote that he would like to drive an ADC with the input range of 0 to 2.5V from a signal with the range of –5V to +5V, connected at V1.
Summary:
The calculator solves the summing amplifier resistors based on the input and output voltage range requirements. It is a great tool to design a bipolar to unipolar converter, as an example and other circuits.
How to Design a Summing Amplifier Calculator
Monday, January 11th, 2010Summary:
In this article, you can download a Summing Amplifier Calculator in the form of a spreadsheet. You can input the voltage range, output range, a reference voltage and a choice of two resistors. The calculator gives you the answer for the remaining resistors. Also, this article explains the mathematical steps towards building the calculator.
Bipolar to Unipolar Converters Based on a Summing Amplifier Configuration
Monday, December 28th, 2009Summary:
In a previous article I presented a method for designing a bipolar to unipolar converter using a summing amplifier. In this article I am going to show more examples of bipolar to unipolar converters which are based on a summing amplifier configuration. You can adapt them to your needs if you use the method I described in the previous article.
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