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How to Derive the RMS Value of Pulse and Square Waveforms
Sunday, June 13th, 2010Summary:
The RMS value of a pulse waveform can be easily calculated starting with the RMS definition. The pulse waveform is shown in Figure 1. The ratio t1/T is the pulse signal duty-cycle. As shown in other articles in this website (How to Derive the RMS Value of a Trapezoidal Waveform and How to Derive the RMS Value of a Triangle Waveform), the RMS definition is an integral over the signal period as in equation (1).
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How to Derive the RMS Value of a Triangle Waveform
Monday, June 7th, 2010Summary:
What is the RMS value of a periodic signal? When a periodic signal is generated by a source connected to a load, a resistor for example, the RMS value is the continuous signal, the DC value which would deliver the same power to the load as the periodic signal.
This article shows how to derive the RMS value of triangle waveforms with different shapes and duty cycles.
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Differential Amplifier Calculator
Sunday, February 7th, 2010Summary:
If you need to design a differential amplifier, here is a handy calculator. All you need to define are the input range, the output range and a choice of a voltage reference. The default values for this calculator are set for a unipolar to bipolar converter.
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Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter with a 3-input Summing Amplifier
Sunday, January 31st, 2010Summary:
Since the publication of Design a Bipolar to Unipolar Converter to Drive an ADC, several readers contacted me with requests to help in solving their particular converter. The common problem they had was the fact that the components’ calculation resulted in a negative value for at least one resistor.
To provide a solution, first we need to understand the root cause of the problem. Let’s take one of the circuits I received and analyze it.
The reader wrote that he would like to drive an ADC with the input range of 0 to 2.5V from a signal with the range of –5V to +5V, connected at V1.
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Summary:
The calculator solves the summing amplifier resistors based on the input and output voltage range requirements. It is a great tool to design a bipolar to unipolar converter, as an example and other circuits.
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How to Design a Summing Amplifier Calculator
Monday, January 11th, 2010Summary:
In this article, you can download a Summing Amplifier Calculator in the form of a spreadsheet. You can input the voltage range, output range, a reference voltage and a choice of two resistors. The calculator gives you the answer for the remaining resistors. Also, this article explains the mathematical steps towards building the calculator.
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Bipolar to Unipolar Converters Based on a Summing Amplifier Configuration
Monday, December 28th, 2009Summary:
In a previous article I presented a method for designing a bipolar to unipolar converter using a summing amplifier. In this article I am going to show more examples of bipolar to unipolar converters which are based on a summing amplifier configuration. You can adapt them to your needs if you use the method I described in the previous article.
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